JNEC Thruel Rig Sar Toed

Route Optimization for Multi-trip Urban Waste Collection using Vehicle Routing Algorithm: A Case Study in Thimphu City

Choki Wangmo — 2025-02-28

Solid waste management (SWM) is a critical challenge for urban sustainability, influenced by factors such as economic development, technological advancement, and regulatory frameworks. These factors have pushed the management of municipal solid waste into crisis, especially in developing countries including Bhutan. Thimphu, the capitalcity of Bhutan, faces significant SWM issues due to rapid urbanization and population growth. This research aims to optimize the solid waste collection system in Thimphu City through the implementation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) algorithm and the development of a simple web-based visual interface. The study involves identifying optimal locations for Garbage Accumulation Points (GAPs) and developing an optimized routing strategy for waste collection vehicles. The study considers a truck scheduling problem to effectively distribute collection vehicles in Thimphu City. For this study, a geographic information systems (GIS) based approach consisting of the spatial data analysis, network analysis, and VRP algorithm is performed using Python
3.12. The algorithm considers constraints like vehicle capacity, service time, working hours, and break periods to ensure feasible and efficient routing. For multi-trip solid waste collection in Thimphu city, our algorithm resulted in the deployment of a total of six trucks with different capacities. The simple analysis from the study shows the total time taken for waste collection in North and South Thimphu, is 35.5 hrs and 39.5 hrs with total distances of 202.76 km and 216.93 km respectively. The results demon strate that managing waste collection in subdivided areas (North and South Thimphu) is more efficient than integrating the entire city, highlighting the complexity of city-wide SWM. The optimized routes show significant reductions in travel time and distance, underscoring the potential of advanced algorithms in enhancing operational efficiency.

Securing Network using Honeypots: A Comparative Study on Honeytrap and T-Pot

Sandip Biswa — 2025-02-28

A wider attack surface has been produced by the growing reliance on technology and the internet for communication, business, and other activities, making it simpler for attackers to identify flaws and use them to their advantage. The sophistication of cybercriminals is also rising, and they are adopting cutting-edge methods and technologiesto get beyond conventional security measures and avoid detection. With the implementation of honeypots, networks can defend against potential attacks and safeguard dataon the systems and networks. A honeypot is a decoy system set up as part of a security mechanism to draw in potential attackers and record their activities for further examination. Two honeypot solutions, namely Honeytrap and T-Pot were deployed and implemented in the simulated private network to study the hardware requirements, installation complexities, range of emulated services supported, and the level of their interaction. Through analysis, it was found that both Honeytrap and T-Pot contribute to enhancing the systems and network security underscoring the significance of honeypots as valuable resources for security networks and systems.

Dynamic Contact App: The Case Study of JNEC Contact

Rudra Dungyel — 2025-02-28

Even though efficient communication is crucial in todays workplace, many businesses struggle with inconsistent contact management platforms and disjointed data sources. Inefficiencies are frequently caused by this fragmentation since employees find it difficult to obtain available and correct contact information when needed. Furthermore, juggling several communication channels can cause miscommunication and delays, which impedes teamwork and productivity. This highlights the necessity for a dedicated contact management application, the Contact App. Using Flutter for cross-platform development and Firebase for real-time database and authentication, the application is dynamic and compatible with Android and iOS devices. This application simplifies the process of managing contacts, allowing users to store, update, and access contact details with ease, and also increases overall workplace productivity by making this application a complete and effective solution for contemporary corporate communication. In addition, the application provides an interactive interface for users to call, email, and send messages.

Analyzing the Integration of 17.38 MW Sephu Solar PV Plant into the Western Grid of Bhutan

Sonam Wangmo — 2025-02-28

This report involves integrating Sephu Solar PV system’s distributed generation into Bhutan’s Western grid to examine and assess how the grid performs. Renewable Energy source integration with power systems is a strategic concept of smart grids. It is abeneficial technology as the integration of standardized PV systems into grids optimizes building energy balance, improves the economics of the PV system, reduces operational costs, and provides added value to the consumer and its utility. However, the variability and limited pedictability of these sources, have posed significant challenges associated with integration. This report reviews integration of solar systems into electricity gridsand highlights challenges faced by the existing grids. Some notable challenges associated with with Solar-Grid integration include problems of voltage stability, frequency stability, and overall power quality. This report will examine the challenges and be
havior of the existing Western Grid when integrating Sephu Solar PV into the existing Western grid of Bhutan using PSS/E software.

Risk Management in Logistics: A Case Study at State Mining Corporation Limited (SMCL), Phuntshothang

Deki Yangzom — 2025-02-28

Logistics risk management is essential for ensuring the efficient functioning of organizations, particularly in industries such as mining where the transportation of goods is critical. This study focuses on State Mining Corporations Limited (SMCL) in Bhutan, examining the organization’s logistics risks and evaluating the effectiveness of its current risk management practices. Through surveys and data analysis, the study identifies potential vulnerabilities, assesses the impact of these risks, and proposes effective mitigation strategies. Key findings include the identification and categorization of logisticsrisks, evaluation of risk management practices, and the involvement of relevant stakeholders. The study underscores the importance of taking proactive measures in logistics risk management and highlights the need for continuous improvement in risk mitigationstrategies. By implementing these recommendations, the company can enhance its ability to identify and categorize logistics risks, implement proactive measures to mitigate transportation equipment breakdowns and develop contingency plans for weather-related disruptions.

Integration of Modern Earthquake Resistant Techniques into Traditional Bhutanese Architectural Buildings for Enhanced Seismic Resilience

Karma Yeshi — 2025-02-28

The project titled Integration of Modern Earthquake Resistance Techniques into Traditional Bhutanese Architectural Buildings for Enhanced Seismic Resilience explores the seismic vulnerability of traditional Bhutanese buildings and aims to enhance their resilience through the incorporation of modern base isolation techniques. Traditional Bhutanese buildings, while architecturally significant, are at considerable risk during seismic events due to their design and materials. This study employs ETABS-Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems software to conduct detailed structural analyses, simulating seismic conditions and evaluating retrofitting interventions. A comparative analysis between fixed-base and base-isolated buildings reveals that base isolation signif icantly reduces displacements, accelerations, and inter-story drifts, thereby minimizing structural damage and preserving cultural heritage. The research enhances the essential of incorporating traditional construction methods with contemporary engineering solutions, which facilitates critical perceptions for seismic retrofitting strategies. The results of this project provide valuable directions for those who are involved in decision-making, engineers, and the public of Bhutan, problem solvers, and the heritage preservation of the region.